Success of BMW Campaign

The BMW campaign consisted of many major and small events which helped to market the new BMW Z3 roadster to the public. However, the question now is whether the campaign is successful in accomplishing that goal. Success of the BMW campaign can be measured in several ways. For example, it can be measured by its objectives (whether the objectives of the campaign have been met) or by the number of pre-orders made. In this case, due to the lack of knowledge about the number of pre-orders made after each event, we will be measuring by its objectives. We have identified 5 major objectives to the campaign as shown in the case. They are: (1) to motivate and stimulate dealer network, (2) develop an Order Bank, (3) reposition BMW as stylish and fun, (4) positioning Z3 in American culture and most importantly, (5) improve BMW’s brand awareness. To see whether the objectives have been met, we shall examine each individual event carefully. Dealer Advertising and Promotions Dealers’ support for BMW Z3 is important in launching this new car to the public. With 345 dealers and only 150 display cars during the promotional period, it proved to be a challenge for this partnership to occur. However, the dealers upgraded to meet the challenge and an order bank was developed. In addition, the dealer promotional package which showcased the private screening of the Golden Eye film and car before the box office film opening proved to be very effective in raising BMW’s brand awareness. As quoted, â€Å"these events attracted great local publicity, appearing in local newspapers, and often reported on metropolitan television and radio†. Their innovative package has also help to reposition BMW as being stylish and fun, which was also a way to help improve the Z3’s standing in the American market. As such, all the objectives have been met for this event, thus proving the success and effectiveness of this event. Product Placement in Golden Eye This non-traditional method of branded entertainment, or more commonly known as product placement, in a movie was very risky, as mentioned in @@@ (benefits and risks). However, Golden Eye turned out to be a hit in the box office in America, selling $26. 2 million in ticket sales. As consumers tend to switch off their resistance mechanism to advertisements during films (O’Guinn, Allen, Semenik, 2009), consumers are being more exposed and susceptible to these subtle advertisements in Golden Eye. As the main idea of tying Z3 with James Bond was to show the fun and ‘cool’ side to the car, it was successful in achieving the objective, together with the success of the movie. As a result, there were positive reviews made by New York Times, Motor Trend Magazine and even Forbes. A more tangible result was that over 9000 Z3 was pre-booked by December 1995 compared to the projected 5000. Needless to say, product placement was the key in the success of the campaign. Neiman Marcus Christmas Catalog Neiman Marcus Catalog was a unique point-of-contact to the consumers because the products it features are usually deemed as very desirable, similar to being a wish list. As proven, 100 orders were made within two days instead of the estimated 20 units sales goal, which came as a pleasant surprise to BMW and Neiman Marcus. In fact, there were 6000 customers’ orders or waiting list applications fighting for the 100 cars. This showed that this promotion idea was effective in selling Z3 to customers. Also, BMW can reach out to more customers via the catalog distribution too. BMW Internet Site The growing usage of Internet caused the popularity of company websites to increase in 1996. With the ‘Build Your Own Roadster’ module added to the site, visitors could visualise their own car from a variety of perspectives. One main benefit was that it could communicate product features or benefits effectively since consumers can examine the virtual car closely. Also, the personalisation effect can cause the consumers to feel a certain emotional bond to the product. Consumers who had spent a lot of effort during the shopping experience would evaluate the product as more favourable and important (Cardozo, 1965). Thus, this could greatly aid in the sales of Z3, assuming that Z3 can be personalised in terms of exterior, interior and top colours too. However, since the website did not have online purchase options at that time, the website could only prove to be useful in raising brand awareness and possibly instil a ‘fun’ factor. Press Launch in Central Park. This event was a major factor in helping not only to promote Z3 as a stylish, fun car but also greatly improving brand awareness. There were extensive coverage in both broadcast and print by major network news programs which improved Z3’s brand awareness drastically. Radio DJ Program This was important in the word-of-mouth effect which had three times the effect of other programs. This buzz marketing, which is a concept of peer-to-peer program, gave rise to conversations about BMW Z3. As the DJs were chosen with care, they were ideal in helping to spread the word about BMW (Khermouch, Green, 2001). This has also helped generate awareness about Z3 as well as positioning it to be fun and stylish. Summary Certainly, these events, whether small or big, have contributed one way or another to the success of the campaign as they reinforced and built upon one another to create a better effect. However, some of the promotional activities were only effective to a certain extent due to the constraint of technology knowledge and tools in that era. Nevertheless, the campaign achieved its goal to introduce and market Z3 into the American market.

Agricultural Contributions of George Washington Carver in US

George Washington Carver was born a slave in Diamond Grove, Missouri. As a small child Carver was rescued from a band of Confederate kidnappers. From early on Carver was determined to get himself an education. Carver began his schooling in Newton Country, and while attending school he also worked very hard as a farm hand. While working and studying Carver lived in a one-room schoolhouse, and as time went on he excelled as sought out for higher education. Because of his race Carver was denied on attending Highland University. In 1887 Carver got excepted to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. Carver made many outstanding contributions to the agricultural world and also on America it†s self. Carver changed the face of Agriculture in the south with his crop rotation methods. Carver discovered through research and trail and error ways to help soil stay fertile. Through this discovery the nutrients would stay in the ground, and crops could be planted on the same soil year after year. Carver discovered that planting peanut one year then the next planting cotton would keep the soil fertial for the following year. The peanuts contained nitrate-producing legumes, and the cotton took all the nutrients from the soil, so the soil was fresh each planting season. The farmer took his peanuts and used them as a source of food for their livestock. Carver did not over look the peanuts as just food for animals, and found over 325 ways to use the peanuts for other reasons than food. He used peanuts to make peanut butter, cooking oil, printer ink, and many more useful applications for the peanut. Carver being the introvator that he was also found many ways for the pecan and sweet potato to help the soil. Carver developed many synthetic products that could be used by all people and not too hard to make. Carver developed adhesives, bleach, cheese, instant coffee, syntheic rubber, and Worcestershire souce just to name a few. Carver†s crop rotation method did change American agirculture forever. What Carver found out through study helped America today become the world†s top producing nation of agricultural goods. Carver also did not just change agriculture for America, but also changed the way that people looked at the African American. Carver received many awards and prizes during his lifetime, but he always gave the credit to the lord.

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Portfolio - Essay Example I am, however, still having difficulties in more difficult English words, those that are not usually used in the every day life or in the regular textbook. I still find myself searching for the meaning of these words. Also, I’m still having problems in writing English paragraphs because I tend to write the same words in the different sentences within the same paragraph. This is because I still need to further expand my knowledge of English words and their synonyms. However, I know that I can still add to my knowledge in the English vocabulary by exposing myself more to this language through reading English books, papers and articles and through interacting with other people who are native English speakers and writers. Before taking this class, the English grammar was the most difficult area for me. As I am not used to writing or speaking English sentences, my sentence structure in English was not really that good. The grammar pre-test that we took at the start of this class really showed that grammar is a big weakness for me. But after taking this class, I can say that my English grammar has significantly improved. The lessons on verb tenses and the subject – verb agreement could be simple lessons for those who are good in writing in English but for me, these two lessons were challenging ones because they are at the core of what I needed to correct in my grammar. Although these lessons were hard for me, they have helped me improve my grammar in this aspect. Reading the two textbooks, the reading strategies and the improving study skills have also exposed me to proper English grammar. Of course, as I am still developing my English skills, I still find it hard to write English sentences prop erly. Sometimes, it is easier to go back to my old English grammar rather than to have to think things through to ensure that the subject and the verb agree all the time, that I am using the proper verb tense and that

Urgent & Unscheduled Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Urgent & Unscheduled Care - Essay Example Urgent care centres shall be open on a continuous and 24-hour basis. Unscheduled care can be defined not only as the professional care, but also as the social care provided to a patient who cannot be ignored. The need of the unscheduled care is not pre-planned or an appointment with a professional. The concept says that the demand for unscheduled care can possibly incur at any time and the services should be provided in order to fulfil the demands of the one in need. Whenever contacted for, the unscheduled care shall be available. It gives the framework that if the unscheduled care is delayed, it can result in the loss of time or long term illness (Hill 34). The urgent and unscheduled care may have five levels of care at which they are operable. The levels of care are organized in the way of their priorities and type of care required. As the complexity of the problem increases, the volumes of such patients coming for urgent need decreases. This is because the more complex the problem of the patient will be, the more planned and organized the treatment will be for which there is scheduled care. The levels of care are a strategic framework according to which the hospitals and walk in centres prepare their equipment and professionals. The first level of urgent care is the self care. This means the patient is capable enough to provide himself with the immediate care needed, for example an injury happens, so the patient himself washes it, applies an antiseptic and puts on a band-aid. Self care can be provided by the nearby people or family members too. At times self care is provided by professionals through techniques such as the phone and internet. In some countries there are medical professionals who are available on the phone and internet 24 hours a day, so the patient can get the best urgent treatment at home if getting to the hospital may take long (Laird, Wardrope 278). The second level of care is

Web technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Web technology - Essay Example Now search engines are working in this regards and comes with the solution of personalized search so as give its users search results based on the user demographic information and interests and taste. In addition, these days search history can be also maintained by search engines, which users can see on later days. Aim: The study of personalized web searching will provide an opportunity to learn how different personalized search engines works and make use of user specific information for assisting web-searching process. Implement a preliminary web searching system (prototype) based on the design and refine the searching mechanism and the system designed to further improve its effectiveness through comparison with other methods. In this section, initially a definition and benefits from the personalized search will be presented than after history and preliminary analysis of some personalized search engines (Google, Yahoo and MSN) will be presented. After that, various tools and technologies that are going to be used for this project will covered in methodology section. Personalized search is the fine-tuning of search results and advertising based on an individual’s preferences, demographic information and other factors. Presumably, the better a search engine understands a user’s interests and preferences, the better able it is to target search results, advertising, sponsored links, etc. [Johnson 2005] After definition now question arises, why these days so many big giants (companies) are interested in providing personalized search. The next few paragraphs will give answer to this question. The first benefit is financial. According to Johnson (2005), personalized search drives financial benefits both in short term and long term. In the short term, advertisers increase revenue by targeting ads and promotions at the users who

Takeovers and Mergers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Takeovers and Mergers - Essay Example The theory f how defenses reduce firm value is a simple application f agency cost analysis: agency costs make defense adoption possible and likely, and defenses in turn increase agency costs by making it harder for principals (shareholders) to replace or otherwise discipline agents (directors) through a takeover. [2] But the academic conviction that agency cost theory is the lens through which to view takeover defenses has been reinforced by empirical studies. Legal academics widely believe that those studies show that firms' stock prices fall on average when firms adopt defenses. Without that evidence, the theoretical case against defenses remains, but is much less compelling, particularly for policy making. Practitioner support for defenses no doubt stems in part from the fact that defense adoption (and litigation over defenses) provides legal practitioners with profits. But practitioners have also looked to economic theory and empirical evidence for support in convincing boards f directors that they are justified in adopting defenses and in persuading lawmakers not to intervene against defenses. The evidence in favor f defenses has been produced for the most part not by academics but by investment banks and proxy solicitors, and it shows that defenses, such as pills, increase the premiums target shareholders receive in takeovers. This evidence is consistent with the theory that well-motivated (or adequately constrained) boards use defenses not to entrench themselves or defeat advantageous bids, but to seek better alternatives or bargain for target shareholders and extract a greater share f deal synergies than they otherwise could do. Recently, both academics and practitioners have been confronted with a new source f evidence on takeover defenses, and the results are decidedly mixed, supporting neither group's view with certainty. Several recent and ongoing studies show that prior to initial public offerings (IPOs), a significant number f firms adopt terms making takeovers more difficult than does default law, [3] which seems to fly in the face f the academic belief that defenses reduce firm value. [4] Even sophisticated pre-IPO shareholders (such as venture capitalists and leveraged buyout firms) permit their adoption, [5] and firms with defenses are more likely to be represented by higher-quality investment banks in an IPO. At the same time, institutional investors routinely oppose proposals by firms to adopt defenses midstream, and studies f IPOs show that defenses vary significantly, contrary to the beliefs f legal practitioners that a full set f defenses is privately optimal for all firms. These surprising an d mixed results make a reassessment f prior empirical evidence on takeover defenses worthwhile, both to examine the methods used and to assess the strength f support the evidence provides for the opposing academic and practitioner positions on takeover defenses. A better understanding f defenses is given some urgency by the strength f the market for corporate control in the 1990s. Despite widespread adoption f defenses, nearly seventy

The Road to the Advancement of Professional Nursing Research Paper

The Road to the Advancement of Professional Nursing - Research Paper Example The events that took place in her life made her to develop the desire of becoming a nun. Her later experiences in life earned her more determination to become a health psychiatrist. It is from her experiences in life that made her to become the current leaning wall for most of the practicing nurses. Worthy to mention is the fact that she was the first nurse in world history to attain degree, masters, PhD and doctorate in the profession of nursing. Hildegard Peplau opted for nursing carrier by the nature of her family during her growth. Callaway (2002) mentions that Hildegard’s family was full of frustrations and unrest, which made Peplau dislike making a family of that nature. In the reports of Callaway (2002), Hildegard’s father was a tyrannical man who never let his family any chance for peace. Her mother was a homemaker who enjoyed little peace and comfort in her own family. Hildegard’s intelligence and ambition are among the factors that continued to award he r confidence of making a difference from other girls of her age in the society. She was disturbed with the stereotypes of her society that let women to decide the way of life between education and marriage (Callaway, 2002). According to Callaway (2002), Hildegard worked as storekeeper, payroll clerk and a bookkeeper. All these functions she accomplished in her hometown Reading. According to Callaway (2002), Hildegard enrolled in a nursing school after completing her course in business where she trained as nurse. On completing her nursing course, Hildegard joined Bennington College as a nursing staff (Callaway, 2002). Being under the driving influence of curiosity and determination, Callaway (2002), confirms that Hildegard managed to get a sponsorship to carry on with degree studies in nursing. Upon graduating with degree in nursing psychology, Peplau used the World War II as an advantage to secure employment in the US Army where she operated as a nurse. Being a holder of degree in N ursing Psychology, Hildegard secured a chance in a military hospital in the war torn England where she worked as a psychiatrist. While in England, Callaway (2002), reports that Hildegard invented unique techniques of diagnosing and administering psychiatric health to emotionally frustrated and exhausted soldiers from war. Her great achievements in the military hospital made her to clinch additional higher steps in the profiling among successful healthcare providers. Luckily, Hildegard on returning from the war met a rare opportunity of continuing with her education to postgraduate degree under the sponsorship of G.I. Bill. According to Callaway (2002), Hildegard had to join Columbia University’s Teachers College in the New York. However, Callaway (2002) mentions that societal stereotypes stood on Hildegard’s way but she managed to ignore them and pursue her education. Callaway (2002) mentions that at the time Peplau had to join university for her postgraduate degree co urse in nursing psychology, she already had a child whom she cared for. Sociologically, being a single parent contracted the social orders and this posed dire threat to her nursing career. Callaway (2002) speculates that Hildegard lived a life out of wedlock and managed to bring up her child in line with pursuing further education. In addition, Callaway (2002) cites that even though Hildegard had no husband to support her,

Ee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ee - Essay Example about the formation and positioning of the continents that changed through time through the continuous sliding or colliding of the continental and oceanic crusts onto one another (Van Dyke 3). It is also able to explain the presence of fault lines and mountain formations. 4. What caused the Himalayas? – The movement of the Indian subcontinent and its impact to the Asian continent formed the Himalayas, through a slow process of head-on collision or crustal collision (Van Dyke 4). 10. Which type of rock is most likely to contain petroleum? – Sedimentary rocks are mostly found near coastal lines due to mineral deposition through time. Thus sedimentary rocks most likely contain petroleum, as exemplified by large oil deposits along seacoasts like the Persian Gulf (Van Dyke 12). 11. Explain the inorganic origin of oil, which origin do you think is most likely, organic or inorganic? – The inorganic theory of the origin of oil states that oil deposits were formed during the creation of the planets or during the formation of the solar system (Van Dyke 14). This theory explains why petroleum from a large deposit are similar even though the rocks where they were found were different in structure. However, petroleum is made up of hydrocarbons, which come from the decomposition of living things (Van Dyke 13). Thus the organic theory is much more plausible than the inorganic theory of oil formation. 12. Which has more permeability, a box of popcorn or a similar box of sand? – An object is said to be permeable if its pores are interconnected, and water can flow through it through these pores (Van Dyke 15). Therefore, a box of sand has more permeability than a box of popcorn, mainly because the sand has more interconnecting pores than the popcorn. 15. Name and define three types of traps. – Three types of traps are: structural traps, formed during folding or faulting of rocks (e.g. anticlinal traps); stratigraphic traps, formed by a nonporous formation that sealed

Scholarship Letter To Students Essay Example for Free

Scholarship Letter To Students Essay The Association of University of Puerto Rico Alumni and Friends Abroad (UPRAA) invites you to apply for the UPRAA Scholarship and congratulates you for your efforts in pursuing your studies. The UPRAA Scholarship Fund will award Hispanic students who have demonstrated academic merit, commitment to public service, and financia1 need up to a maximum of $1,000 per academic year to help cover tuition cost for graduate or undergraduate studies. Please visit our website at www. upraa. org to download the application form, eligibility  requirements and important dates related to our Scholarships program. See more: how to start a scholarship essay To ensure your application receives full consideration, read the information included in the scholarship package carefully, follow the application instructions and include ALL required documents including original signature for applicable documents by the due date on Wednesday, April 15,2015. UPRAA is an organization created to establish a network of University of Puerto Rico (UPR) Alumni in the Continental U. S. and abroad, develop and conduct programs and initiatives  for the benefit of the UPR alumni, and support the educational goals of the UPR system. The Association will serve as a link between UPR alumni abroad and the UPR system and work towards promoting opportunities and creating a support network for the alumni. Thank you for your interest and good luck!! Alida Rodriguez Chairperson, UPRAA Scholarship Committee 2015 UPRAA Association of the University of Puerto Rico Alumni and Friends Abroad P. O. Box 2600 Merrifield, VA 221 16-2600 Website: www. uDraa. org.

The Waste Land Essay Example for Free

The Waste Land Essay T. S Eliot’s The Wasteland, whilst being laden with rich cultural references and allusions, is a confronting representation of re-establishment and rejuvenation across the entirety of a European post-war society. Eliot addresses the cyclical nature of life and death, encompassed by carefully crafted language and structure designed to disorientate the reader. The reader is offered an interpretation of human behaviour which is akin to all beings across the cohort of society, regardless of ethnicity or social class. There is realism to Eliot’s poetry that is confronting and unflinching, perhaps disturbing at times. While his poems are often filled with harsh imagery – imagery of death, despair and degredation –they are often indicative of his own perceptions of the changing environment around him during his time of writing, and are therefore somewhat genuine and personal. The Waste Land attempts to explore the necessity of rejuvenation in a society that Eliot considers to be tarnished and displaced, and has thus created a delicate balance between portraying a war-torn society where â€Å"the dead tree gives no shelter† and â€Å"the dry stone no sound of water†, and communicating the idea of renewal. As the poem progresses, references to season accumulate, and the reader is given a sense of cyclical, passing time. The reader is given anecdotes set in distinctly different seasons, whether they be â€Å"under the brown fog of a winter dawn†, or â€Å"[listening to] the sound of horns, which shall bring Mrs. Porter in the spring†. Such references remind the reader of two things; time is passing throughout the poem, and life is ephemeral, as can be seen in the dialogue: â€Å"That corpse you planted last year in your garden, Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year? † A similar method is implemented by Eliot in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, where the prime focus of the poem is the passing of time and the complications that arise from its influence. Furthermore, The Waste Land draws on a wide range of cultural reference to depict a modern world that is in ruins yet somehow beautiful and deeply meaningful. Languages such as German, French and Latin are implemented alongside abrupt and unannounced changes of speaker, location and time, in order to convey the idea that there are no exemptions to Eliot’s interpretation of common human qualities and experiences. Conversely, social class is also explored – in part II of The Waste Land, â€Å"A Game of Chess†, Eliot juxtaposes a lower-class bar conversation with satire of the opulent, while endorsing – via the comparison of the two – the idea that sexual fulfilment is a critical element in feeling valuable and secure in the society depicted. Indeed, it was Eliot’s opinion at the time that too much emphasis was placed on the importance of fertility, aesthetic appeal and marital security – an idea which is also explored in Portrait of a Lady through the satirical portrayal of a fussing woman, who is described as sitting in â€Å"an atmosphere of Juliet’s tomb†. It could perhaps be considered that Eliot’s prime objective during the early years of his poetry was to paint a picture of the uncertainty and social decay that resulted from the aftermath of WW1 and perhaps even the from the end of the Edwardian era. Consequently, readers must look upon his unpoetic diction and lexicon and remember that he is attempting to create a new type of poetry which reflects the complexity of modern living. Often the sincerity and detailed imagery in Eliot’s work results from a lot of his speakers being vessels through which he expresses himself. It has been speculated that ‘J. Alred Prufrock’ and the speaker of Rhaspsody share the same concerns and characteristics as Eliot; often being solitary, neurasthenic, overly intellectual, and utterly incapable of expressing themselves to the modern complexity of the outside world.

Virtualization, VM Ware, Linux kernel and Linux

Virtualization, VM Ware, Linux kernel and Linux Virtualization, VM Ware, Linux kernel and Linux device drivers Virtualization is a system or rather a technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources from the way in which other systems, applications, or end users interact with those resources. This consists of making a single physical resource (like a storage device, a server, an application, or an operating system) appear to operate as multiple logical resources. It can also comprise making multiple physical resources (like storage devices or servers) appear as a single logical resource. It can also take in making one physical resource to appear, with fairly diverse characteristics, as one logical resource. It is the universal theme of all virtualization technologies to hide the technical detail by means of encapsulation. An external interface that hides an underlying implementation (for example, by simplifying a control system, by combining resources at different physical locations, or by multiplexing access) is created by virtualization. Owing to the recent development of new virtualization platforms and technologies, attention has been refocused on virtualization. It is a confirmed software technology. Through this technology, the IT landscape is speedily transforming and the manner of computing is also fundamentally changing. (VMWare 2008) The technology of virtualization can benefit any person who uses a computer, from the IT professionals and Mac enthusiasts to commercial businesses and government organizations. It saves time, effort and money while it also achieves more with the computer hardware already owned by the users. (VMWare 2008)Virtualization is used in various diverse contexts; they can be grouped into two major types: Platform virtualization involves the simulation of whole computers; and resource virtualization involves the simulation of combined, fragmented, or simplified resources. Certainly, it is also an important concept in non-computer contexts. A virtualized interface is employed to a complex device by many control systems; therefore gas pedal of a modern car does much more than simply increasing the flow of fuel to the engine. The returns on investment in any business can be improved with the use of Virtualization. It effectively lets one computer to do the job of multiple computers, through sharing the resources of a single computer across multiple or several environments. Virtual servers and virtual desktops allow hosting multiple operating systems and multiple applications locally as well as in distant and inaccessible locations. It gives freedom from physical and geographical limitations. Better desktop management, improved disaster recovery processes, increased security, and high availability of resources are the other benefits that one gets from building a virtual infrastructure apart from the basic advantages that are savings in energy and lower capital expenses because of more efficient use of the hardware resources. There are some benefits of virtualization, which are as follows: Through virtual machines, the workloads of several under-utilized servers can be consolidated to a smaller number of machines, possibly a single machine. This results in benefits of savings on hardware, environmental costs, management, and administration of the server infrastructure. They also serve the purpose of running the legacy applications. A legacy application just might not operate on newer hardware or operating systems. And if it runs on it, there may be under-utilization of the server; therefore consolidation of several applications is useful. This is not easy to do without virtualization; applications are usually not written to co-exist within a single execution environment. Virtual machines offer safe and isolated sandboxes for running applications that can not be trusted upon. Such an execution environment can also be created dynamically on the fly as something is downloaded from the Internet. Virtualization plays an important role in building secure computing platforms. They can be used to create operating systems or execution environments with resource limits. Generally, partitioning goes together with quality of service in design of QoS-enabled operating systems. The illusion of hardware or hardware configuration (including the multiple processors and SCSI devices) is provided by the virtual machines. It simulates networks of independent computers. They can run multiple operating systems at the same time, which are of entirely different nature. Some such systems may be hard or impossible to run on newer real hardware. They allow powerful debugging and performance monitoring. Debugging of operating systems can be done without losing productivity, or creating more complicated debugging scenarios. Whatever is run by the virtual machines, can also be isolated by them. So, they provide fault and error containment. Faults can be injected proactively into software in order to study its consequent behavior. Application and system mobility is helped by the virtual machines, since they make migration of software easier. They are excellent tools for research and academic experiments. It is safer to work with them because they provide isolation. They sum up the complete state of a running system: the state can be saved, examined, modified, and reloaded. The existing operating systems can run on shared memory multiprocessors. They can create arbitrary test scenarios and can result in some very imaginative, effective quality assurance. Virtualization can retrofit new features in the existing operating systems without too much work. Several tasks including the system migration, backup, and recovery can be made easier and more manageable. It is an effective means of providing binary compatibility. In co-located hosting, virtualization on commodity hardware is extremely popular. Such hosting is economical, secure, and appealing on the whole. In core, it can be said that virtualization helps to convert hardware into software. The software like VMware and ESX helps to transform the resources of an x86-based computer hardware that includes the CPU, RAM, network controller and hard disk. In order to create a virtual machine, this is fully functional and capable of running its own applications and operating system similar to a real computer. Multiple virtual machines are known for sharing the resources of hardware without having any interference among each other. This helps to safely run the various operating systems and applications on a single computer. VMWare The VMware Approach to Virtualization: This approach inserts a fine layer of software directly on the hardware of computer or might be on a host operating system. This layer of software is capable of creating machines that are virtual and contain a monitor of virtual machine. This allocates hardware resources energetically and transparently. This helps the multiple operating systems to run on a single physical computer concurrently. (VMWare 2008) Virtualizing a single physical computer marks the beginning. A robust virtualization platform is provided by the VMware. This helps to scale the hundreds of interlinked physical computers and storage devices that can form complete virtual infrastructure. VMware, Inc. is a publicly-listed company on the New York Stock Exchange. It designs and develops proprietary virtualization software products for x86-compatible computers, counting commercially-available as well as freeware versions. The desktop software of VMWare runs atop Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. The enterprise level software and the ESX Server of VMWare run directly on the server hardware without the need of an extra core operating system. The name VMware comes from the abbreviation VM, which means virtual machine and ware comes from second part of Software. Achieving the Benefits of Virtualization: VMware’s proven technology is the basis of free VMware Server. With the help of this software, which is robust yet easy to use, many things can be done. Developers can create multiple environments by means of different operating systems on the same server so as to restructure software development and testing. New applications, IT testing of patches and operating systems can be simplified by permitting system administrator to test in secure virtual machines and by leveraging snapshots to be able to roll back to a clean state. Server positioning can be simplified by once building a virtual machine and then developing it multiple times. In ready-to-run virtual machines, software can be evaluated without installation and configuration. Legacy operating systems such as Windows NT Server 4.0 and Window 2000 Server can be re-hosted in a virtual machine running on new hardware and operating system. Pre-built, ready-to-run virtual appliances can be leveraged, which include virtual hardware, operating system and application environment. On Virtual Appliance Marketplace, virtual appliances for web, file, print, proxy, email and other infrastructure services are available for download. Free operating systems have several advantages as characterized by Linux. One of which is that their internals are open for all to view. Anybody, who has requisite skills, can readily examine, understand and modify the operating system, which is once considered as a dark and mysterious area whose code was restricted to a small number of programmers. Operating systems can be democratized with the help of Linux. The Linux kernel is a large and complex body of code, which is not possible to be hacked. Kernel hackers would need an entry point where they can approach the code without being disturbed by the complexity of its codes. Frequently, the gateway is provided by device drivers (Corbet, Rubini Kroah-Hartman 2005). In Linux kernel, device drivers play an important role. These device drivers are a different kind of black boxes that make a particular hardware piece respond to a well-defined internal programming interface. Also, they completely hide the details regarding the working of the device. With the help of a set of standardized calls that are independent of the specific driver, various user activities are performed. The role of device driver is to map those calls to device-specific operations that act on real hardware. The writing of Linux device drivers is interesting because of number of reasons. In order to gain access to a particular device that is of their interest, individuals need to know about the drivers. By making a Linux driver available for the products, hardware vendors can add large and growing Linux user base to their potential market (Corbet, Rubini Kroah-Hartman 2005). It is necessary to reliably run the Linux kernel without considering whether a new hardware is added or removed from the system. Due to this, an additional burden is placed on the device driver author. For USB drivers, when the device with which a USB driver is bound with, is removed from the system, the pending urbs that were submitted to the device begin to fail with the error – ENODEV. The driver is required to identify the error and properly clean up any pending I/O if it occurs. The hot pluggable devices are not only limited to the traditional devices like the mice and keyboards. Now, number of systems supports the removal and addition of the complete CPU’s and memory sticks. The Linux kernel properly handles the addition and removal of such core system devices so that there is no need for the individual device drivers to pay attention to these things. References VMWare 2008, Retrieved April 17, 2008 from www.vmware.com Mullins, R 2007, VMware the bright spot on a gray Wall Street day, IDG News Service. Corbet, J, Rubini, A Kroah-Hartman, G 2005, Linux Device Drivers. 3rd Edition, OReilly Media.

The Homeless in America :: essays papers

The Homeless in America " I never imagined that I would be homeless." Although I have read this statement made over and over again, the facts behind it remain astonishing. The facts are that there are millions of homeless in America today. Many of these people had no choice but to become homeless. Economic problems such as being laid off work, or the rise in the cost of housing had lead people to live on the streets. Many of the homeless are women that have become divorced or have left home because of physical abuse. These women have no education because they have not been given the chance to go and get the education that it takes nowadays to get the job, so they are forced to live on the streets. They have no family to help them and they are left with no other choice. People with mental illnesses also become homeless quite often. These people are incapable of handling the stress of living on their own. These people get kicked out of their homes and are to ashamed to go to their families because of their illness, so we see them on the streets struggling to stay warm. Teenage mothers are also forced to live on the streets because their families will not help them. The fathers are not there and that forces them to live on the streets. So they must resort to prostitution to pay for the food that their young ones need to stay alive. There are many other people that become homeless for many different reasons. Some of these people can not help becoming homeless. Some of these people are the illegal immigrants that come here from other places to get a better life but end up not having enough money to make it in this hard world that we live in. Teenage runaways have different reasons for leaving home but all have the same reason for becoming homeless. They simply just do not have enough money. Others are drug and alcohol abusers and disabled people. With this list of people there must be some way that we can help these people. There has been many programs that have been available to help these homeless, but only have only succeeded in the short run and have failed in the long run.

All My Sons Essay -- All My Sons by Arthur Miller

Life is full of many hard decisions that people have to take, often on the spur of the moment. Some we get right others turn horribly wrong. Joe Keller, the tragic hero of Arthur Miller's play All My Sons, was no different. His whole life was dedicated to his family and their well being but all his plans were undone by one fatally flawed decision. The audience can relate to Joe and feel sympathy for him because he was a good man who did many great things for his family and in the end paid the ultimate price. Towards the end of the play, Joe's son Chris anguishes over the fatally flawed decision made by his father, thus eliciting the sympathy of the audience. However, this is not enough to detract from the audience relating to Joe as a basically good man, who has made the hard decisions for many years and ends up a tragic hero paying for his mistake with his life. Joe is a good man who has spent his whole life trying to live the American Dream. He has built a home and started up a business to take care of his family. He is a hardworking and considerate father to his sons, Chris and Larry and a caring and loving husband to his wife Kate. The audience knows this because early in the play, of Act 1, he says to Chris, "Because what the hell did I work for? That's only for you Chris, the whole shootin' match for you!"(Act 1, p15-16). The audience believes this because throughout the play they see no evidence of Joe indulging in any of the human weaknesses, which would squander his money. He is an easy-going man who is a good friend to everyone. The play is set in his backyard, which seems to be a perpetual open house to the neighbourhood. He is well-liked by people in his small town, as Ann says, "People like to do things for the... ...-one other young pilots. However, there are many in the audience who like Joe would think that Chris has had things too easy and is making much ado about nothing. It is Joe Keller for whom the audience feels the greater sympathy and respect because he was a great man, who made a fatally flawed decision, which continued to haunt him through life. He finally understood the meaning of life within family and the society in which we all live in and that is that you cannot make flawed decisions which impact others and get away with it. When Joe realises this, he is brave enough to pay the price for his mistake, and that is what makes Joe a hero in the audience's eyes. As the US folklorist & expert on mythology, Joseph Campbell, said, "A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself ." There was nothing bigger for Joe than his family.